엄밀히 말하면 SCM 프레임워크 내에서 작업할 때는 뒤의 두 가지만 필요합니다. 처음 두 가지는 i.i.d. 데이터에 대한 SCM의 함축된 속성이기 때문입니다(정말 궁금하시다면 Pearl (2010) 의 논평을 참조하십시오). 우리는 이 네 가지 식별 가정을 모두 소개하는데, 이는 대개 함께 고려되며 잠재적 결과 프레임워크 내에서 작업할 때 네 가지 모두가 필수적이기 때문입니다 (Rubin 2005; Imbens and Rubin 2015).
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